Although the Quran and the Bible is clear enough that narrate the chronology of events happened, but there are still a puzzle of who really Pharaoh who led the pursuit of Moses and the Children of Israel? Al-Quran and the Bible does not mention in detail who is referred to Pharaoh.
Pharaoh (Pharaoh) is a title given to the kings of ancient Egypt. Origin Usui term actually refers to Pharaoh's court a seat of a king, but long - eventually used as the title of the kings of ancient Egypt. Many pharaohs who had led the civilization known as the Pyramid of Khufu penginggalan it was, from the King Menes, around 3000 BC, the founder of the kingdom, unifying Egypt upstream and downstream - to Egypt fell under the leadership of the kings of Persia.
So far many studies have been conducted to identify who the reigning Pharaoh, when Moses and the exit event of the Israelites from the land of Egypt. Here are some candidates:
* Ahmose I (1550 BC - 1525 BC)
* Thutmose I (1506 BC - 1493 BC)
* Thutmose II (1494 BC - 1479 BC)
* Thutmose III (1479 BC - 1425 BC)
* Amenhotep II (1427 BC - 1401 BC)
* Amenhotep IV (1352 BC - 1336 BC)
* Horemheb (c. 1319 BC - 1292 BC)
* Ramesses I (c. 1292 BC - 1290 BC)
* Seti I (c. 1290 BC - 1279 BC)
* Ramesses II (1279 BC - 1213 BC)
* Merneptah (1213 BC - 1203 BC)
* Amenmesse (1203 BC - 1199 BC)
* Setnakhte (1190 BC - 1186 BC)
From the above list of pharaohs, Ramesses II name for this is often identified as the Pharaoh in power at that time. He was the personification of the largest and most powerful pharaoh who had led the civilization of ancient Egypt. Ramesses II was also one of the longest Pharaoh power, ie 66 years.
Sometimes tyrannical nature of the lower class people, many historians who speculate by saying he was a king who enslaved the Israelites. However, there is no archaeological evidence actually strengthen these allegations. In addition the period of his life was also said to be compatible with the possibility of occurrence of output.
Then view the the King Merneptah - son of Ramesses II - who ruled after the death of Ramesses II, it is also not a pharaoh who is remembered in his reign of Merneptah has said that the people of Israel have arrived in the land of Kana'an. That means, the event out of Moses and the Israelites had long before he was in power.
And what about Seti I, father of Ramesses II? However, the Bible historians say this output event occurs around 1400 BC, it was far from the reign of Seti I.
Some historians who use the research method by matching the chronology of the records of ancient Egyptian relics to the estimated output at the scriptures conclude, the possibility that the incident occurred when ancient Egypt under the leadership of the Kings the 18th Dynasty.
Dynasty 18 includes several kings, namely Thutmose I (1506 BC - 1493 BC), Thutmose II (1494 BC - 1479 BC), interspersed with the female pharaoh kepempinan Queen Hatsepsut (1479 BC -1458 BC) and Thutmose III ( 1479 BC - 1425 BC).
According to studies conducted by the historian Alan Gardiner, after the death of Thutmose I and persinggahannya for 40 years in Midian / Midian, Moses decided to return to the land of Egypt, where he grew up. God commissioned Moses to deliver the essential religious teachings to the Pharaoh. At that time, Egypt was led by King Thutmose II, who marry Queen Hatshepsut.
Thutmose II, according to history is not a figure of great pharaohs, Hatshepsut his wife instead of many as critical to the progress of the kingdom. Although not a figure of influential leaders who say, Gardiner still believes Thutmose II was the strongest candidate pharaohs who in pursuit of Moses and the Israelites. This is because the number of matches with the study of history which he did.
Garnier also adding that the tomb of Thutmose mummi seat II, almost can not find the ornaments and precious things "semewah" kings tombs of ancient Egypt more. There is an impression that the king was not well liked and respected by his people, so they do not care about the death of the King. In addition, sudden death is also one of the reasons.
Observations of Thutmose II Mummi found at the site of Deir el-Bahri in 1881 revealed that there were many injuries on his body marks, and his Mummi found not in good condition. This may indicate Thutmose II died unnaturally. Was it injuries on his body due to waves force the Red Sea waves suddenly closed again?
